{"id":"CLR-020","name":"Separate fact, inference, and opinion","domain":"clarity","layer":"paragraph","strength":"hard_constraint","human_logic":"IF a paragraph contains facts, inferences, or opinions, THEN mark each proposition’s epistemic status when confusion would affect trust or decisions ELSE retain.","when":{"all":[{"path":"paragraph.epistemic_type_count","operator":"gt","value":1},{"path":"paragraph.status_confusion_consequential","operator":"eq","value":true}]},"then":[{"action":"label","target":"paragraph.propositions","labels":["documented_fact","inference","opinion","prediction"]},{"action":"cite","target":"documented_facts"}],"else":[{"action":"retain","target":"current_text","reason":"No triggering condition is present."}],"unless":[],"because":"Readers should know what is observed, concluded, believed, or forecast.","diagnostics":[],"examples":{},"source_ids":["BK-026","WEB-012","WEB-013"],"laka":{"smallest_sufficient_intervention":true,"primary_axes":["scope","depth","magnitude","reversibility"]},"requires_facts":["paragraph.epistemic_type_count","paragraph.status_confusion_consequential"],"tests":[],"sources":[{"id":"BK-026","title":"Technical Communication","creator":"Mike Markel; Stuart A. Selber","domain":"technical_communication","type":"Book","note":"Audience, design, ethics, research, and technical genres.","url":null},{"id":"WEB-012","title":"Advertising and Marketing Basics","creator":"U.S. Federal Trade Commission","domain":"advertising_compliance","type":"Regulatory guidance","note":"Advertising claims must be truthful, non-deceptive, fair, and appropriately substantiated.","url":"https://www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/advertising-marketing"},{"id":"WEB-013","title":"Advertising Substantiation Policy Statement","creator":"U.S. Federal Trade Commission","domain":"claim_substantiation","type":"Regulatory policy","note":"Objective claims require a reasonable evidentiary basis before dissemination.","url":"https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/ftc-policy-statement-regarding-advertising-substantiation"}],"defined_in":{"file":"11-clarity-style-rules.json","title":"Clarity, Precision, and Plain-Language Rules","slug":"clarity-style-rules"}}