{"id":"GRM-018","name":"Repair dangling introductory modifier","domain":"grammar","layer":"sentence","strength":"hard_constraint","human_logic":"IF an introductory modifier’s implied actor is not the following subject, THEN make the actor the subject OR expand the modifier into a clause ELSE retain.","when":{"all":[{"path":"sentence.intro_modifier.exists","operator":"eq","value":true},{"path":"sentence.intro_modifier.actor_matches_subject","operator":"eq","value":false}]},"then":[{"action":"restructure","target":"sentence","options":["make_actor_subject","expand_modifier_to_clause"]}],"else":[{"action":"retain","target":"current_text","reason":"No triggering condition is present."}],"unless":[],"because":"The understood subject of a reduced modifier should be recoverable without absurdity.","diagnostics":[],"examples":{},"source_ids":["BK-002","BK-007","WEB-004"],"laka":{"smallest_sufficient_intervention":true,"primary_axes":["scope","depth","magnitude","reversibility"]},"requires_facts":["sentence.intro_modifier.exists","sentence.intro_modifier.actor_matches_subject"],"tests":[{"id":"TST-003","rule_id":"GRM-018","before":"After reviewing the proposal, the price seemed high.","after":"After reviewing the proposal, we thought the price seemed high.","reason":"The reviewer becomes the subject.","assertion":{"if":{"path":"output","operator":"eq","value":"After reviewing the proposal, we thought the price seemed high."},"then":"pass","else":"review"}}],"sources":[{"id":"BK-002","title":"The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation","creator":"Jane Straus; Lester Kaufman","domain":"grammar_reference","type":"Book","note":"Accessible grammar, punctuation, examples, and exercises.","url":null},{"id":"BK-007","title":"The Copyeditor's Handbook","creator":"Amy Einsohn; Marilyn Schwartz","domain":"copyediting","type":"Book","note":"Professional copyediting practice, grammar, and editorial process.","url":null},{"id":"WEB-004","title":"Microsoft Writing Style Guide","creator":"Microsoft","domain":"technical_style","type":"Official style guide","note":"Warm, clear, concise, helpful technical communication.","url":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/style-guide/welcome/"}],"defined_in":{"file":"07-core-grammar-rules.json","title":"Core Grammar Rules","slug":"core-grammar-rules"}}