{"id":"PUN-005","name":"Set off nonrestrictive material","domain":"punctuation","layer":"phrase","strength":"hard_constraint","human_logic":"IF a modifier adds nonessential information rather than identifying the referent, THEN set it off with paired punctuation ELSE do not set it off.","when":{"path":"modifier.restrictiveness","operator":"eq","value":"nonrestrictive"},"then":[{"action":"wrap","target":"modifier","punctuation":"commas_or_contextual_pair"}],"else":[{"action":"retain","target":"modifier","punctuation":"unpaired"}],"unless":[],"because":"Punctuation distinguishes supplementary information from information needed to identify the referent.","diagnostics":[],"examples":{},"source_ids":["BK-002","BK-007","BK-039"],"laka":{"smallest_sufficient_intervention":true,"primary_axes":["scope","depth","magnitude","reversibility"]},"requires_facts":["modifier.restrictiveness"],"tests":[{"id":"TST-005","rule_id":"PUN-005","before":"My brother who lives in Calgary called.","after":"My brother, who lives in Calgary, called.","reason":"Use only when the speaker has one contextually identified brother; restrictiveness changes punctuation.","assertion":{"if":{"path":"output","operator":"eq","value":"My brother, who lives in Calgary, called."},"then":"pass","else":"review"}}],"sources":[{"id":"BK-002","title":"The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation","creator":"Jane Straus; Lester Kaufman","domain":"grammar_reference","type":"Book","note":"Accessible grammar, punctuation, examples, and exercises.","url":null},{"id":"BK-007","title":"The Copyeditor's Handbook","creator":"Amy Einsohn; Marilyn Schwartz","domain":"copyediting","type":"Book","note":"Professional copyediting practice, grammar, and editorial process.","url":null},{"id":"BK-039","title":"The Chicago Manual of Style","creator":"The University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff","domain":"editorial_style","type":"Book","note":"Comprehensive editorial style, grammar, documentation, and publishing.","url":null}],"defined_in":{"file":"08-punctuation-rules.json","title":"Punctuation as Meaning and Boundary","slug":"punctuation-rules"}}