{"id":"PUN-014","name":"Dash marks deliberate interruption or emphasis","domain":"punctuation","layer":"sentence","strength":"creative_option","human_logic":"IF the intended relation is an abrupt break, strong insertion, or emphatic turn, THEN an em dash is available ELSE prefer ordinary syntax and punctuation.","when":{"path":"sentence.intended_effect","operator":"in","value":["abrupt_break","strong_insertion","emphatic_turn"]},"then":[{"action":"select","target":"sentence.punctuation","value":"em_dash","limit":"avoid_repetitive_use"}],"else":[{"action":"retain","target":"current_text","reason":"No triggering condition is present."}],"unless":[],"because":"The em dash carries more visual and rhetorical force than a comma or parentheses.","diagnostics":[],"examples":{},"source_ids":["BK-005","BK-009","BK-019"],"laka":{"smallest_sufficient_intervention":true,"primary_axes":["scope","depth","magnitude","reversibility"]},"requires_facts":["sentence.intended_effect"],"tests":[],"sources":[{"id":"BK-005","title":"Dreyer's English","creator":"Benjamin Dreyer","domain":"copyediting_style","type":"Book","note":"Practical modern editorial advice and stylistic judgment.","url":null},{"id":"BK-009","title":"Eats, Shoots & Leaves","creator":"Lynne Truss","domain":"punctuation","type":"Book","note":"Punctuation and the effect of marks on meaning.","url":null},{"id":"BK-019","title":"Steering the Craft","creator":"Ursula K. Le Guin","domain":"prose_craft","type":"Book","note":"Sound, rhythm, syntax, point of view, and exercises.","url":null}],"defined_in":{"file":"08-punctuation-rules.json","title":"Punctuation as Meaning and Boundary","slug":"punctuation-rules"}}