Bow Tie Kreative Writing System
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Rules / argument

ARG-004 Hard constraint layer: paragraph

Evidence matches claim type

IF evidence type does not support the claim type, THEN replace, supplement, narrow, or remove the claim ELSE retain.

Why the rule exists

An anecdote, measurement, authority, mechanism, and comparison answer different questions.

Condition

The rule fires when this evaluates true. Paths marked below must be present in the fact base; the engine reports the rest rather than guessing them.

  • ALL
    • paragraph.claim.type exists
    • paragraph.evidence.compatible_with_claim_type eq false

Facts this rule reads

PathSource
paragraph.claim.type You supply it
paragraph.evidence.compatible_with_claim_type You supply it

Then

  1. repair — target paragraph

Else

  1. retain — target current_text, No triggering condition is present.

LAKA

Smallest sufficient intervention
Yes
Primary axes

Sources

  • Technical Communication — Mike Markel; Stuart A. Selber
    Audience, design, ethics, research, and technical genres.
  • Advertising and Marketing Basics — U.S. Federal Trade Commission link
    Advertising claims must be truthful, non-deceptive, fair, and appropriately substantiated.
  • Advertising Substantiation Policy Statement — U.S. Federal Trade Commission link
    Objective claims require a reasonable evidentiary basis before dissemination.
The raw rule record

Verbatim from 14-argument-nonfiction-rules.json. Also available at /v1/rules/ARG-004.

{
  "id": "ARG-004",
  "name": "Evidence matches claim type",
  "domain": "argument",
  "layer": "paragraph",
  "strength": "hard_constraint",
  "human_logic": "IF evidence type does not support the claim type, THEN replace, supplement, narrow, or remove the claim ELSE retain.",
  "when": {
    "all": [
      {
        "path": "paragraph.claim.type",
        "operator": "exists"
      },
      {
        "path": "paragraph.evidence.compatible_with_claim_type",
        "operator": "eq",
        "value": false
      }
    ]
  },
  "then": [
    {
      "action": "repair",
      "target": "paragraph",
      "options": [
        "replace_evidence",
        "supplement_evidence",
        "narrow_claim",
        "remove_claim"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "else": [
    {
      "action": "retain",
      "target": "current_text",
      "reason": "No triggering condition is present."
    }
  ],
  "unless": [],
  "because": "An anecdote, measurement, authority, mechanism, and comparison answer different questions.",
  "diagnostics": [],
  "examples": {},
  "source_ids": [
    "BK-026",
    "WEB-012",
    "WEB-013"
  ],
  "laka": {
    "smallest_sufficient_intervention": true,
    "primary_axes": [
      "scope",
      "depth",
      "magnitude",
      "reversibility"
    ]
  }
}

Other argument rules

  1. ARG-001 Define the rhetorical situation IF author, audience, purpose, text, or setting is unknown, THEN define the missing element before drafting strategy ELSE proceed. Hard constraint
  2. ARG-002 One controlling thesis IF a document makes multiple unrelated controlling claims, THEN narrow, subordinate, or split them ELSE retain. Context default
  3. ARG-003 Classify claim before selecting evidence IF a claim is present, THEN classify it as factual, causal, evaluative, definitional, predictive, or policy before choosing support ELSE do not infer support requirements. Hard constraint
  4. ARG-005 Make the warrant available IF evidence does not obviously entail the claim for the intended audience, THEN state the connecting warrant ELSE retain. Context default
  5. ARG-006 Qualify to the evidence boundary IF claim scope exceeds evidence population, conditions, time, or uncertainty, THEN narrow or qualify the claim ELSE retain. Hard constraint
  6. ARG-007 Address strongest relevant counterargument IF a reasonable reader has a strong relevant objection, THEN represent it fairly and respond with evidence or concession ELSE omit peripheral objections. Context default
  7. ARG-008 Distinguish correlation from causation IF evidence is correlational AND the claim is causal, THEN add causal evidence, state a mechanism with tests, or change the claim to association ELSE retain. Hard constraint
  8. ARG-009 Name uncertainty and limitations IF evidence has material uncertainty, missing data, selection limits, or alternative explanations, THEN disclose them near the conclusion ELSE retain. Hard constraint